The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.